^I had similar thought jfh.
I suspect that the assembly is meant to be installed as follows:
1) install bolt 3 into handlebars
2) torque bolt 3 to xx ft-lb
3) slip anti-vib weight 4 over hex-head of bolt 3
4) insert weight fastening bolt 5
5) torque bolt 5 to x ft-lb (to properly seat it into bolt 3)
My guess is that if step 2 isn't done, *later* when the whole assembly unexpectedly starts threading out of the bar end, someone will inevitably try to seat bolt 3 into the bar end using undersized the allen socket of bolt 5. Ie, seating bolt 3 with the socket head of bolt 5 will overtighten bolt 5 into bolt 3, but will still not get bolt 3 to stay seated in the bar end.
Fast forward to now... the OP needs to remove bolt 5, but bolt 3 easliy unthreads from the bar end as it is not torqued correctly (and bolt 5 was overtorqued into bolt 3 trying to get bolt 3 torqued into the handlebar). Now bolt 5 won't come out without a fight or damage.
Guessing.