Here are a couple of references to synthetic oils. The term synthetic is used for a wide range of lubricants. Some synthetic branded oils really push it as they really are more refined petroleum oils, others are truly synthetic made from alchohol or other fatty acids.
Synthetic lubricants can be manufactured using chemically modified
petroleum components rather than whole
crude oil,
but can also be synthesized from other raw materials.
Poly-alpha-olefin (poly-α-olefin, PAO) is a polymer made by polymerizing an alpha-olefin. They are designated at API Group IV and are a
100% synthetic chemical compound. It is a specific type of
olefin (organic) that is used as a base stock in the production of some synthetic lubricants. An alpha-olefin (or α-olefin) is an
alkene where the
carbon-carbon double bond starts at the α-carbon atom, i.e. the double bond is between the #1 and #2 carbons in the molecule.
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Esters are the most famous synthetics in Group V, which are
100% synthetic chemical compounds consisting of a
carbonyl adjacent to an
ether linkage. They are derived by reacting an
oxoacid with a
hydroxyl compound such as an
alcohol or
phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an -O-alkyl (
alkoxy) group, most commonly from
carboxylic acids and alcohols. That is to say, esters are formed by condensing an acid with an alcohol.