Radiator reservoir tank completely empty

Joined
Aug 26, 2025
Messages
60
Age
68
Location
Oakland
Bike
2013 ST1300PA
I just returned from a 3,000 mile trip. That’s the interval for oil/filter change for me. When I removed the left side lower cowl the reservoir tank was completely empty.
It never overheated. To the best of my knowledge the hot fluid from the radiator expands and goes into the reservoir tank. As it cools it returns to the radiator. Obviously the bike had gone through many hot/cool cycles so I suppose my knowledge is wrong or something happened to upset that cycle recently.
What are your thoughts.

PS Here’s the bike. I tested my latest foot pegs. They worked fine for me.
IMG_5460.jpeg
 
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On the 1100, which I assume is similar to the 1300, usually the opposite happens. The line from the radiator to the overflow tank develops a small crack, which still allows the coolant to flow from the radiator into the overflow tank while the engine is running, but after its shut off the crack prevents a good vacuum from sucking the coolant back into the radiator, and the tank eventually overflows.

One possibility is you have a leak in the overflow tank, and it slowly loses coolant over time. Or, your radiator somehow got very low and it sucked all of the coolant from the overflow tank.

Check the coolant level at the radiator cap first, that's the important thing, and top it off if its low. Then fill the overflow tank to its normal level and keep a close eye on it. Also keep an eye on your coolant system for signs of leaks. Do a few local runs and see what happens after each ride.
 
Look at the right side of the engine block near the oil inspection window.
You’re probably going to find a green stain on the side and front of the engine from a coolant leak that you didn’t know about.
These bikes never leave signs on the ground, as the coolant steams off when it hits the hot engine block.
 
Every ST1300 eventually weeps, seeps, or leaks coolant. In a pressurized system the coolant tank accepts or returns excess coolant in the normal heat/cool cycles, just as you described but as it loses coolant from weeps, seeps, and leaks the tank level drops. When the tank is empty there is still sufficient coolant but continued operation would have eventually shown an overheat situation.
 
What dwalby says...... plus, I had an ST13 which had a hole in the reservoir caused by melting from heat...... replaced reservoir and put some foil tape on it as kind of a heat shield.....
 
What I should have included in my original post is the fact that the radiator was completely full. After refilling the overflow tank I checked the radiator and it was full.

A slow leak in the overflow tank would seem to be the logical conclusion.

Thank you guys for your input. Very helpful.
 
As Dave pointed out, these bikes leak whether you know about it or not.
In over 16 years of working on these bikes, I’ve only seen TWO coolant tank leaks, both caused by owners! One guy drilled a hole through the body work to add air deflectors and drilled a quarter inch hole through the tank, and the other was from crash damage that pushed the tank over and melted a large hole in it etc.
The fact that your radiator was full makes no difference if you have/had a coolant leak.
You leaked out what should have gone to the reserve tank etc.
Have you checked/inspected your thermostat?
Did you burp the air out of the system after you added coolant?
Did you fill the radiator and the coolant tank in the proper sequence?
Also check the three way tee that sits by the idle adjustment screw.
If your tank was empty, you have a leak somewhere, or didn’t follow the correct procedure etc.
 
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As Dave pointed out, these bikes leak whether you know about it or not.
In over 16 years of working on these bikes, I’ve only seen TWO coolant tank leaks, both caused by owners! One guy drilled a hole through the body work to add air deflectors and drilled a quarter inch hole through the tank, and the other was from crash damage that pushed the tank over and melted a large hole in it etc.
The fact that your radiator was full makes no difference if you have/had a coolant leak.
You leaked out what should have gone to the reserve tank etc.
Have you checked/inspected your thermostat?
Did you burp the air out of the system after you added coolant?
Did you fill the radiator and the coolant tank in the proper sequence?
Also check the three way tee that sits by the idle adjustment screw.
If your tank was empty, you have a leak somewhere, or didn’t follow the correct procedure etc.
So you’re saying:
Probably not a hole in the reservoir tank.
1) I screwed up
2) I screwed up (although I don’t know how to add coolant to a full radiator)
3) I screwed up (see above)
4) I screwed up
5) I have a leak And I screwed up
Got it.
Thank you for your helpful insights.

It would seem that by far my biggest screw up is noticing the reservoir tank was empty.
 
Did you burp the air out of the system after you added coolant?
Did you fill the radiator and the coolant tank in the proper sequence?
Please describe the correct procedure.

If your tank was empty, you have a leak somewhere, or didn’t follow the correct procedure etc.
What if the tank is full and the radiator is low?

And what if the radiator-to-tank hose is intact?
 
In the simplest of terms there are two possibilities and only one can be true;
1- The cooling system was full but because it is no longer full there is a leak somewhere, no matter how minor it may be, that caused the system to no longer be full.
2- There is no leak in the cooling system but, because the cooling system is not full, it must not have been full.

Do you ever smell that odd sweet smell that hot coolant emits? There are many cooling hose connections on the ST1300 and the hose clamps are known to loose their grip over time which allows coolant to weep out. This is a very common occurrence with the ST1300. These weeping hose connections cause a very small leak that never progresses to the point that liquid coolant is found pooling anywhere, especially easily visible under the motorcycle. The coolant weeps out slowly enough that it steams away on the hot engine parts long before it gets to anywhere where it is visible. The sweet coolant smell is often the first and only indication that there is a coolant leak somewhere. It is kind of like an early warning system.
 
So you’re saying:
Probably not a hole in the reservoir tank.
1) I screwed up
2) I screwed up (although I don’t know how to add coolant to a full radiator)
3) I screwed up (see above)
4) I screwed up
5) I have a leak And I screwed up
Got it.
Thank you for your helpful insights.

It would seem that by far my biggest screw up is noticing the reservoir tank was empty.
I don't know what to make of this post as my sarcasm detection system has been offline as of late and I can't find anyone trained to diagnose and repair them.

I don't think you screwed up at all. The ST1300 has a complex cooling system with close to 20 components and nearly 40 locations or connections that might develop a weep, seep, or leak. It's not an easy task to find the problem but since there are many of us here that have long experience with the ST1300 and other water cooled engines, I think you did the right thing by asking for thoughts. There is long experience here at ST.O.

Myself, I discount the idea that the reservoir tank has a slow leak. One, in the process of filling it close observation would reveal it. Second, there are so many posts on coolant leaks there is a subform dedicated solely to this. Weeps, seeps, and leaks are a common occurrence with this bike. Weeps and seeps lose small amounts that leave little to no trace behind. Any one of them on a long trip would lose a small amount of coolant each heat cycle then the missing coolant was drawn back into the radiator from the reservoir when the engine cooled. Over time the coolant tank contents are drawn down to zero. Continued operation would lower the coolant level in the radiator unless the empty reservoir was noticed before this happened.

Of course, I could be wrong and you have fixed your problem.
 
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You are going to have to pull the fairing to check the engine for telltale green tracks of dried coolant. Honda's OEM narrow hose clamps do not hold up for years and years and will allow a small weep at the hose/spigot connection. Many of us have changed the clamps to either wider hose clamps or constant tension clamps. These particular leaks, however, are comparatively minor. Check the big hoses off the radiator - both ends. Do not overtighten the radiator's hose clamps. You can easily collapse the thin metal spigot that is part of the radiator. The top of one of those goes to the thermostat housing. My ST's leak had corroded the spigot and I had to sand it smooth. Another leak spot is the thermostat cover. If there are any signs of leakage here, replace the O-ring.

The leaks I've mentioned would probably not cause you to lose a full reservoir's worth of coolant. I'd replace the radiator to overflow tank hose, this has a tendency to get brittle and leak at the radiator cap connection. As mentioned, the hose can also split along its length.

Do a search and read up here about coolant leaks so you know about the square and round drain holes on the right side of the engine. Let us know what you find.
 
add coolant dye to the radiator not the recovery tank. Run a couple thousand mile or till the recovery tank is low then look for leaks with a blue light and uv glasses. The dye does not wash away easily.

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I don’t think that you screwed up.

You discovered that your reservoir was a bit low. Ok - empty. That is a good catch. It is possible that the reservoir or the siphon hose to the radiator is leaking - that is still bad for the cooling system as when the fluid expands when hot, it cannot suck it back - so you end up with air space which fills with steam. It seems like you have caught it just before that happened.

When was the last time that you checked the fluid level ? Weeks, months, years ? My latest bike, the level hardly dropped at all from one year to the next. But the fluid would be flushed and changed every couple of years.

There is a drain hole on the right hand side of the bike which normally gives a tell tale sign when fluid is leaking past the mechanical seal - I think for the water pump. There’s no point looking for it ‘cos from 2008 Honda had got so fed up with paying up for claims due to evidence of leakage at that hole that were unnecessary - the mechanical seal does seep a little fluid as a matter of course - that they put a drain pipe and hose in its place. Yours will have that drain hose.
Fill up the reservoir again, fill the radiator, bleed the system (read the manual ‘cos I’ve forgotten how - but it involves leaving the cap off and revving the engine. Air burps up to the filler cap and the radiator level goes down. Top it up again. Something like that )

Clean up old stains - signs of fluid. Run the engine. Look for signs of leaks around the radiator hoses - the inlet/outlet pipes are VERY thin , VERY soft alloy, and over tightening of the hose clamps will turn the pipe into an oval. Also around the radiator fins, filler cap and reservoirYou might want to check if that had happened. They can be straightened out into a proper circle (!). I made that overtightening error once, and sorted it with a Stanley elliptical handled screw driver handle, gently rotating while gently pressing into the pipe end. By the way NEVER try to remove any hose by pulling - that increases the grip on the pipe. Hoses have to be pushed off.
Anyway - take it for a short ride or simply let it run through a few cycles of the radiator fan turning on and off. Rev the engine. But a short ride would be ok, providing you keep an eye on the reservoir level. And take the precaution of having top up fluid with you. You can ride the ST1300 without fairing in place, but you need to stop the nose fairing from flapping around where the pockets would be. Leave it standing where you will see evidence of leaks until it cools. Check the reservoir level. Has it dropped ? How much ? Top it up. Repeat for a longer short ride.

If there is no evidence of anything - I’d be surprised, but the possibility of a screw up remains. But if so, you caught it. Everyone screws up. Most don’t admit. Most make stuff up rather than admit that they don’t know. If you read some of my past post, I don’t care about admitting to blunders. My assumption after finishing a service always that I have missed something - So I’ll take a break, leave it overnight (dreaming helps here, the answer often pops up in a dream about (say) the back wheel dropping out - which may mean I forgot to torque the axle bolt. - I have a small stool in the garage and sit and look at the bike and work through everything that I should have done. It used to reveal something. It rarely does now, but I still do it ‘cos I am not perfect AND I am getting older.

I used to be a teacher. Kids (we are not supposed to call them ‘kids’, but I’m retired now) have grown up frightened to admit mistakes or to say they don’t know, or that they don’t understand. One of my priorities was to encourage them out of this. I’d make deliberate mistakes. Their job was to spot them. It became a game. Sometimes I made genuine mistakes and I’d own up if they spotted one of those - a deliberate mistake that I didn’t know about.

Like the kid who asked “what is ‘deliberate’ sir ?” Oops !
 
So you’re saying:
Probably not a hole in the reservoir tank.
1) I screwed up
2) I screwed up (although I don’t know how to add coolant to a full radiator)
3) I screwed up (see above)
4) I screwed up
5) I have a leak And I screwed up
Got it.
Thank you for your helpful insights.

It would seem that by far my biggest screw up is noticing the reservoir tank was empty.
Were you in track while at H.S. ? Long jump maybe? That's a big leap.
 
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