Has anyone ever built a one-wheel with the wheel under the compartment, maybe 30% or so from the back? Have the wheel in a "well" up into the interior of the trailer? I know this would take some storage space, but allowing loading behind the wheel means the trailer could be balanced very easily. That and add a "gooseneck" bend to the tongue, so the trailer sits flat? If the trailer was low and flat it would likely tow better with a lower CG and optimum loading. Dunno why I'm reading this thread, I don't need a trailer. But this makes me want one....
RT
Yes I've seen them in DIY trailers. Harder to access the wheel for servicing. I'll try to find an image I have somewhere. It's a single wheel trailer with a car carrier on top of it. The single wheel patially comes up inside the carrier in the center is is covered with a metal or plastic shroud to keep the inside dry. I'd think though it would be very prone to tip if not loaded equally. Interesting idea though, but not practical in my mind.
Other options - Partially inside and to the rear (not DIY)

A centered-ish wheel with storage on the outsides (think panniers on a trailer frame)

Similar bicycle ones by Extrawheel

A reverse wheelbarrow setup.

An interesting idea is a 3 wheeled motorcycle trailer, based of some European bicycle trailers. The load is spread over 3 wheels and the tongue weight is negligible.

With the weight supported the motorcycle just needs to do the pulling (the bicycle trailer above has an electric hub option) and stopping (unless fitted with electric brakes.
A prime example of this is motorcycle tow trucks.



But this is way off topic and down a rabbit hole.